Bhagalpur is one of the 243 state assembly constituencies in Bihar, it is located in the district of the same name. It is also one of the 40 Lok Sabha constituencies from the state of Bihar. Current MLA from this constituency is Ajit Sharma of the Indian National Congress (INC) who secured 65,502 votes in the 2020 elections, beating Rohit Pandey of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) by a margin of 1,113 votes.

2024 Election Commission data shows the total number of registered electors in Bhagalpur constituency at 335,076 electors. Male registered electors in this constituency amount to 177,275, female registered electors amount to 157,775 and 26 electors of the third gender are also registered. Data from the last election cycle of 2020 shows the total number of registered electors at 333,795 where 177,544 registered electors were male, 156,233 electors were female and 18 electors were of the third gender. In the 2015 elections the number of total registered electors was 316,636 where 170,041 registered electors were male, 146,576 electors were female and 19 electors belonged to the third gender. The 2020 election cycle marked a voter turnout of 48.44% as 161,692 out of the total 333,795 electors cast their votes while in the 2015 elections the voter turnout was 48.17% as 152,513 electors out of 316,636 cast their votes. Polling for this constituency in the upcoming elections will be taken out in the second phase o

Bhagalpur constituency covers an approximate land area of 23.54 square kilometers and the geographic coordinates of Bhagalpur are 25° 14 '49.2"N 86° 58' 20.6"E. A total of two assembly constituencies in the state of Bihar share borders with Bhagalpur constituency, which are Nathnagar and Kahalgaon.