Snowless January after four decades; threat to alpine ecosystem and rare medicinal plants in Uttarakhand
For the first time in nearly four decades, the Garhwal Himalayas in Uttarakhand have remained snowless in January. Scientists call it a climate anomaly, warning that the absence of snowfall threatens fragile alpine ecosystems and rare medicinal plants vital to the Himalayas.
Dehradun: The Garhwal Himalayas are facing an unprecedented situation this winter. For the first time since records began in 1985, the region has remained snowless throughout January. Scientists are calling this a climate abnormality and warning of serious consequences for the alpine ecosystem.
For example, Tungnath area, also has highest temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, located at an altitude of nearly 12,000 feet, is known for heavy snowfall during winter. This year, however, only frost has been recorded, with not a single snowfall event. Experts say this unusual pattern reflects a clear shift in the region’s natural rainfall and snowfall cycles.
Threat to medicinal plants
The absence of snow is posing a grave threat to rare medicinal plants such as spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi), kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa), and atis (Aconitum heterophyllum). These species are highly valued for their medicinal properties and are adapted to survive under long snow cover.
Scientists explain that snow plays a crucial role in maintaining soil moisture, breaking seed dormancy, and stimulating germination. Without snow, the soil becomes dry and cold, disrupting the natural processes that sustain alpine vegetation.
Expert warnings
Padma Shri awardee Aditya Narayan Purohit, founder of the High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC) in Tungnath, said the absence of snowfall is a direct threat to the fragile ecosystem. He emphasized that the alpine region is home to many rare and endemic species, and climate change is disturbing their balance.
Senior Scientific Officer Sudip Semwal added that snow acts as a natural insulator, preventing heat loss from the soil and keeping it relatively warm. This allows root activity and early plant growth. Without snow, the roots are exposed to extreme cold, damaging plant life.
Climate change impact
Researchers believe that changing climate patterns are responsible for this anomaly. The lack of snowfall not only threatens biodiversity but also impacts local communities that depend on alpine plants for traditional medicine and livelihoods.
The situation has raised concerns about the long‑term survival of Himalayan ecosystems. If such snowless winters continue, scientists warn that many species could face extinction, and the delicate ecological balance of the Himalayas may collapse.
Scientists urge immediate attention to protect this fragile region
The snowless January in Tungnath is a stark reminder of the growing impact of climate change on the Himalayas. With rare medicinal plants at risk and ecosystems under stress, scientists urge immediate attention to protect this fragile region. The Garhwal Himalayas, once blanketed in snow, now stand exposed to an uncertain future.